译科技 | 引爆2020年的企业数据库趋势
来源：Dataversity 时间：2020-02-13 15:01:45 作者：Ariff Kassam
The 2020 Tipping Point： Enterprise Database Trends
数据观 | 石煜倩（译）
We’re at a unique inflection point in the database industry. Many things have changed over the last decade， but the cloud， containers， microservices， and the broader drivers for innovation – such as digital transformation – have created significant demand for new database technologies.
我们正处于数据库行业的特殊拐点。在过去十年中，万事万物都发生了翻天覆地的变化，云业务、计算机容器、微服务以及更广泛的创新驱动力（比如数字化转型）对新兴数据库技术提出了更高要求。
While emerging social or web-based enterprises already have nearly all of their applications in the cloud， such applications represent a small portion of the existing database workload in traditional enterprises. These organizations have significant technical debt and thus only a small portion of their applications have been moved.
虽然新兴社交或基于互联网的企业几乎已经将所有的应用程序都放在了云端，但这些应用程序只占传统企业现有数据库工作负载的一小部分，这些公司的技术还不足以支撑全部数据的转移，因此仅有一小部分应用程序被转移了。
And yet， enterprises are under intense pressure to modernize IT infrastructure in order to address key business challenges and respond quickly to emerging opportunities. So how can they find a low-risk way to adopt new technology and be as agile as their web-based counterparts？ Here are three ideas：
然而，企业目前面临着巨大的压力，因为他们需要对IT基础架构进行现代化改革以应对主要的业务挑战，并迅速对新出现的机遇做出反应。那么，他们如何才能找到一种低风险的方法来采用新工艺，并像基于互联网的同行一样敏捷呢？下面将介绍三种想法：
1. Capitalize on cloud and container-native applications利用云原生①与容器原生应用
（注释①：云原生技术有利于各组织在公有云、私有云和混合云等新型动态环境中，构建和运行可弹性扩展的应用。云原生的代表技术包括容器、服务网格、微服务、不可变基础设施和声明式API。）
Cloud providers will continue to compete with on-premises offerings based on increased services and the potential to lower costs. However， your cloud provider of choice today should not prevent you from switching to a different cloud in the future. Avoiding cloud “lock in” is not a new concept， but it has taken on new urgency as more and more critical business applications and heavy transactional systems move to the cloud. By default， software applications that are cloud and container-native – built and architected to perform in a cloud or container environment – will garner more traction.
云提供商将继续与服务不断增加、成本不断降低的本地产品竞争。但是，现有云服务商不应该阻止用户未来切换到不同的云端。避免云“锁定”并不是一个新概念，但是它呈现出了新的紧迫性，因为越来越多的关键业务应用和繁重的事务性系统被迁移到云端。默认情况下，云原生与容器原生软件应用（在云或者容器环境下构建和运行）对用户的吸引力会更大。
These applications are designed for scalability， resiliency， and flexibility， enabling the infrastructure to keep pace with business demands. This goes beyond a simple containerization approach. Container-native applications are optimized to take advantage of all the benefits that containers and the cloud have to offer. For example， organizations can speed the application delivery process by capitalizing on container runtime management and orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes.
这些应用程序旨在实现可伸缩性、弹性和灵活性，使基础设施能够满足业务需求。这超出了简单的容器化解决方法。容器原生应用经过优化，可以利用容器和云提供的所有优势。例如，公司可以利用容器运行时②管理和编排平台（如Kubernetes）来加速应用程序交付过程。
（注释②：容器运行时指的是能够基于在线获取的镜像来创建和运行容器的程序。）
2. Leverage Kubernetes to reduce complexity and costs利用Kubernetes③来降低复杂性和成本
As software developers are pushed to speed up the process from application development to production， many have discovered that building and deploying stateless applications in containers is relatively easy. These types of applications can quickly scale out with increased user demands and protect against failures. There’s just one catch： The vast majority of applications used by enterprises （personalized applications or those that handle business-critical data） require a persistent state. They require storing data to protect against failures so that the application won’t lose its state. As it turns out， these stateful applications are harder to fit into the new world of microservices and containers.
（注释③：kubernetes，简称K8s，是用8代替8个字符“ubernete”而成的缩写。是一个开源的，用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用。）
随着软件开发人员不断加快从应用程序开发到生产的过程，许多人发现在容器中构建和部署无状态应用程序相对容易。这些类型的应用程序可以随着用户需求的增加而快速扩展，并能够防止出现故障。只有一个问题：企业使用的绝大多数应用程序（个性化应用程序或处理关键业务数据的应用程序）都需要保持持续状态。它们需要存储数据以防止出现故障，这样桌面内容才会保持一致。事实证明，这些有状态应用程序很难适应微服务和容器。
Kubernetes has emerged as the de facto way to simplify and automate control of container processes. Databases have long been the standard for managing state for applications. To work in containers and the Kubernetes orchestration environment， databases must be able to support the dynamic nature of Kubernetes. Most traditional databases assume a static environment and do not work well within Kubernetes. As enterprises move more critical applications to the cloud， automating and simplifying deployment of distributed， stateful applications in Kubernetes will only increase.
Kubernetes已经成为简化和自动控制容器过程的实际方法。长期以来，数据库一直是管理应用程序状态的标准。要在容器和Kubernetes编排环境中工作，数据库必须能够支持Kubernetes的动态性。大多数传统数据库采用静态环境，在Kubernetes中不能很好地工作。随着企业将更多主要的应用程序迁移到云中，在Kubernetes中自动化和简化分布式、有状态应用程序的部署只会增加。
3.Accelerate a multi-cloud strategy加快实施“多云战略”
In an always-on world， availability is a key requirement for application success. And yet high-profile outages from major cloud vendors persist. To combat that risk of data loss and potential customer impact during such instances， organizations can accelerate the adoption of multi-cloud， or even better， inter-cloud strategies. This is particularly relevant in heavily regulated industries such as banking. To run core banking applications in the cloud – such as mortgage applications， credit card processing， and even fraud prevention – supporting multi-cloud environments becomes critical to provide the necessary level of data protection and availability.
在一个始终在线的世界中，实现可用性是应用程序成功的关键。然而，来自主要云提供商的停机问题仍然持续存在。为了在这种情况下避免数据丢失和潜在客户的影响，相关组织机构可以加速采用多云甚至跨云策略。这在银行业等监管严格的行业尤为重要。要在云中运行核心银行应用程序（如抵押贷款应用程序、信用卡处理、甚至欺诈预防），支持多云环境对于提供必要的数据保护和可用性至关重要。
In the future， specific banking regulations may require deployment in more than a single cloud （inter-cloud）. As the ability to deploy stateful applications reliably grows， there will be greater emphasis on the need to provide continuous availability through the use of distributed deployments and multiple clouds.
未来，特定的银行管理制度可能需要在多个云（云间）中进行部署。随着部署有状态应用程序的能力不断增强，通过使用分布式部署和多个云来提供持续可用性的需求将会被进一步强调。
As organizations continue down this path of application modernization and business agility， traditional enterprises can develop the modern architecture needed to compete in today’s on-demand world. By capitalizing on the opportunities to move to the cloud or distributed environments – leveraging technologies that are cloud or container-native and managing application complexity with new tools – these organizations can ensure they are ready to meet customer demands in 2020 and beyond.
随着各组织机构将继续朝着应用程序现代化和业务敏捷性的道路发展，传统企业可以开发在当今竞争世界中所需的现代体系结构。通过利用迁移到云或分布式环境的机会——利用云原生或容器原生技术并使用新工具管理应用程序的复杂性——这些组织可以确保它们能够满足2020年及以后的客户需求。(石煜倩)
注：《译科技|引爆2020年的企业数据库趋势》来源于dataversity网站（点击查看原文）。本文系数据观原创编译，译者数据观/石煜倩，转载请务必注明译者和来源。
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